资源节约型社会建设中的水资源管理问题

Water Management Issues during Establishing Resource Saving Society

        王金霞(中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所农业政策研究中心)

         节水型社会;治水理念;治水手段;需水管理

        water saving society;water management strategies;water management measures;water demand management

        面对日益严重的水资源短缺,运用管理、制度和政策的手段来建设节水型社会逐渐得到了我国决策者的高度重视。文章从治水理念和治水手段两个方面讨论了在建设节水型社会中面临的一些水资源管理问题。治水理念转变的关键是努力实现从供水管理向需水管理的转变;在实现治水理念的转变中,同时要特别注重从分散水资源管理体制向综合水资源管理体制的转型。在治水手段的转变方面,如何实现从原来的以行政手段为主向以市场为导向的经济、政策和制度等手段(如水价、水权和用水户参与管理)转变是关系到需水管理策略能否有效实现的关键与保障。尽管我国在水价、水权和用水户参与管理方面取得了一些进展,但如何有效实施还面临着很多挑战,尤其在农业用水部门面临更多的困难。

        Facing with increasing water scarcity,applying management,institution and policy measures to establish water saving society has captured high attention from policy makers in China.This paper discussed some water management issues in terms of water management strategies and management measures.For water management strategies,the key is to transfer from water supply management to water demand management,change from separate to integrated water management system.In order to effectively implement water demand strategies,the critical issue is to transfer from administrative-based measures to market based economic,policy and institutional measures(such as water price,water rights and participatory management of water users).Although making some progress on the reform of water price,water rights and participatory management,China is still facing much challenges on how to effectively implement these market-based measures,particularly in the agricultural sector.