分子设计育种研究进展

Progress of Research on Crop Breeding with Molecular Design

        薛勇彪(中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所)
        王道文(中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所)
        段子渊(中国科学院生命科学与生物技术局 北京100101;北京100101;北京100864)

         品种分子设计;农作物;遗传改良

        breeds with molecular design;crops;genetic improvement

        遗传改良是提升作物产量和品质的最重要推动力,但其潜力的发挥受到了常规育种技术的严重制约。近年来的研究表明,基于功能基因组学知识和技术的分子设计育种是克服常规育种技术瓶颈的有效途径。在我国水稻结构和功能基因组研究已获得重要成果的基础上,结合国际分子育种领域的最新进展,中科院拟系统开展水稻和小麦品种分子设计研究,建立和完善多基因组装分子设计育种的理论和技术体系,实现传统遗传改良向品种分子设计的跨越,培育出具有高产、优质、高效、抗病虫、耐逆和稳产性状的水稻和小麦新品种。

        Genetic improvement is among one of the most important driving force in improving crop production,but the potential of genetic contribution to crop improvement is seriously limited by conventional plant breeding practices.Studies over recent years have shown that breeding with molecular crop design,which utilizes the knowledge and tools from contemporary functional genomics research,is the effective approach to overcome the bottlenecks of conventional breeding practices.Based on the achievements in rice genome and its functional genomics in China in conjunction with up-to-date progresses in these areas in the world,Chinese Academy of Sciences is planning to launch a project on molecular design and research in breeds of wheat and rice.This project aims to establish the necessary resources and platforms for molecular design of crops and,in particular,to develop new rice and wheat varieties possessing high-yield potential,super grain quality,high efficiency and durable resistance to plant disease and insect pests,and contravaviance.