西北地区水资源合理配置和承载能力分析

Water Resources Reasonable Allocation and Its Carry Capacity Analysis in North-west China

        夏军(地理科学与资源研究所 北京100101)
        唐青蔚(地理科学与资源研究所 北京100101)

         西北地区;水资源合理配置;水资源承载能力

        Northwest China;water resources reasonable allocation;water resources carry capacity

        本文探讨了西北地区水资源合理配置和水资源承载能力问题。分析表明:当前突出的问题是有限的水资源与人口增长、社会经济发展和生态环境建设对水资源需求的矛盾。尽管该地区水资源开发利用程度高,但是水的利用效率较低,节水潜力大。当前西北地区人均社会用水量868立方米远高于全国平均水平的434立方米,2002年西北地区万元GDP用水量高达1433立方米,全国为537立方米。这与该地区以农为主,农业高耗水、低产出的产业结构有直接关系。水资源合理配置中的农田灌溉节水是关键。只有通过大力提倡节水、转变传统经济发展模式、大力调整产业结构、坚持生态环境建设与保护,适当增加新的水源,该地区的水资源才有可能支撑社会经济的持续发展。

        This paper addresses the issue of water resources reasonable allocation & its carry capacity in Northwest China. Analysis indicates that major problem in this area is of conflict among the limited water resources, population growth, social economic development. even though water resources development is rather higher, water use efficiency is low & water saving potential is big in this area. At present, water use amount per capita is about 868m3 that is significantly higher than the averaged 434 m3 in China. In 2002, the water use amount related to the gross domestic product (GDP) of 10 000 Chinese Yuan value is high to 1 433m3, averaged one in China is only 537m3. Thus is due to present agriculture structure with high water assumption and low product. In water resources reasonable allocation, the key is of water saving of agriculture irrigation system. It is possible for present water resources to support social economic development only by water saving, change traditional economic pattern, keep eco-system protection, and find new water resources.