我国如何应对红火蚁入侵

What Is the Best Strategy to Against the Invasion of Red Imported Fire Ant in China

        张润志(动物研究所 北京100080)
        薛大勇(动物研究所 北京100080)

         红火蚁;控制策略;中国

        Red Imported Fire Ant;Solenopsis invicta;control strategy;China

        红火蚁是世界100种最具有危害性的外来入侵种之一,2004年年底到2005年年初,入侵我国大陆的广东省、香港和澳门地区。对农业、林业、基础设施、电器设备、园艺以及许多野生动物也会造成严重威胁,并严重危害人类健康。作者认为:(1)我国应立即确定一个明确的控制红火蚁的策略性决议,对那些发生面积很小的发生区,一定要果断采取根除措施;对那些面积较大,2—3年根除比较困难的区域,采取封锁控制措施,逐步缩小发生区范围。(2)红火蚁入侵是国家大事,红火蚁防控资金大部分要依靠国家财政支持。(3)树立信心,政府、管理、科研、公众相结合,能够很好地控制红火蚁危害。

        The Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, one of the ’100 of the world’s worst invasive alien species’ has been found in Hong Kong, Macaw and Guangdong Province (Wuchuan, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Huizhou, Dongguan and Zhongshan) since late 2004. The invasion of Red Imported Fire Ant brings a serious threat to cause economic losses by feeding on agricultural crops, seeds, seedlings and forests, by damaging irrigation systems and electrical facilities, by preying upon invertebrates and vertebrates, as well as by stinging to human beings which could cause anaphylactic shock and even death to sensitive individuals. The Authors suggested following points to emergent control of it. (1)We strongly suggest that most infested areas in limited acreage should be eradicated and a few larger ranges should be blocked and then be eradicated hectare by hectare gradually. (2)A national Red Imported Fire Ant management plan must be established and most funding should come form central movement because of its threaten the whole country. It is absolutely not a regional event. (3)We should have a confidence to eradicate or at leased to confine the Red Imported Fire Ant within limited areas by related cooperation by governments, administrations, scientific supports and public.