塔里木河流域主要生态问题与对策建议

Ecological Problems and Proposals in Tarim River Basin,Xinjiang

        陈亚宁(新疆生态与地理研究所 乌鲁木齐830011)
        张小雷(新疆生态与地理研究所 乌鲁木齐830011)
        崔旺诚(新疆生态与地理研究所 乌鲁木齐830011)

         水资源;生态环境;流域管理;塔里木河

        water resources;ecology and environment;watershed management;the Tarim River

        分析了近50年来,塔里木河流域在以水土资源开发利用为核心的大强度人类经济、社会活动的作用下,流域生态环境退化过程,探讨了生态系统受损的原因及其存在的问题,并针对塔里木河日益突出的生态与环境问题,提出了对策及建议。

        The exploitation of water resources and the corresponding environmental problems in the Tarim River during the past 5 decades are mainly analyzed. The causation of environmental problems including the reduction of volume of the inflow from the source tributaries, increased salinity, decreased flow to the lower reaches, lowering of lake levels, drawdown of groundwater levels and aggravation of desertification are studied. The countermeasure for protecting the environment is put forward as follows: Adhere the principle of coordinate development between the ecology and the economy and between the upper reaches and the lower reaches, achieve the unified management of water resources in the watershed, restrict the water diversion in the source stream areas, reduce the inefficient water consumption in the upper and middle reaches of the mainstream, guarantee the basic water consumption in the lower reaches, and achieve the integrality of the aqueous process and the sustainable utilization of the water resources in the watershed.