对“厄尔尼诺”、“拉尼娜”发展的新认识

New Understanding of the Development of El Nio and La Nia Events

        巢纪平(国家海洋局海洋环境预报研究中心 北京100081)

         厄尔尼诺拉尼娜;热带西太平洋暖池;温跃层

        过去认为厄尔尼诺是起源于赤道东太平洋的暖水事件 ,近年来的资料分析表明 ,厄尔尼诺的暖水及拉尼娜的冷水其源头均在热带西太平洋次表层的温跃层附近 ,在那里加强后沿着气候的温跃层向东、向上传输 ,到赤道东太平洋表层后形成通常认为的厄尔尼诺或拉尼娜事件。当厄尔尼诺的暖水沿赤道向东传输时 ,在赤道东太平洋的冷水同时向北传输到北纬 10°附近北赤道洋流所在的位置 ,并向西传输 ,在西太平洋向南传到暖池 ,形成一次拉尼娜的冷水源头。即在热带太平洋的次表层海洋中存在冷暖水相间的一个运动环路 ,使厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件相间出现

        In past years it is believed that El Nio comes from warm water events of equator east Pacific Ocean. But in recent years, we find that the sources of El Nio Warm water and La Nia cold water are both near the the thermocline of warm pool of Tropical West Pacific. After they get stronger , they propagate to east along the thermocline. When they arrive the surface of equator east pacific, and they become so-called El Nio and La Nia. On the other hand, when the warm water of El Nio goes east along the equator, the cold water of equator east pacific goes north to northern latitude 10, near the northern equator ocean current, and propagate to west, finally arrive the subsurface of warm pool, and become the source of cold water of La Nia. So we get the conclusion that there is a movement circle of cold and warm water in the sub-surface in Tropical Pacific. Then El Nio and La Nia alternately appear.