二十一世纪初的材料科学技术

Prospects of Materials Science and Technology at the Turning of 21^st Century

        师昌绪(金属研究所!沈阳110015)

         21世纪;材料科学技术

        根据目前材料科学技术的动态 ,提出以下观点 :信息时代的信息功能材料仍是最活跃的领域 ;能源功能材料将取得实破性进展 ;生物材料在生命科学的带动下将有很大发展 ;智能材料与智能系统将得到更多的关注 ;随着资源的枯竭 ,环境的恶化 ,环境材料将日益受到重视 ;高性能结构材料的研究与开发是永恒的主题 ;材料制备工艺及测试方法是制约材料能否得到广泛应用的重要因素 ;纳米材料科学技术将成为 2 1世纪初最活跃的领域 ;2 1世纪将逐步实现按需设计材料。最后对不同类型材料的发展前景作了简要估计。

        Based upon the existing state-of-the-art of materials science and technology, the following prospects are predicted: (1) Information functional materials are the most active field in the information age. (2) Energy functional materials will have a break-through. (3) Biomaterials will have a prominent progress under the influence of the achievements of biological science. (4) Intelligent materials and intelligent system will be emphasized greatly. (5) Ecomaterials will draw more and more attention. (6) R & D of high performance structural materials is an eternal subject. (7) Materials processing and characterization are limiting factors of whether the material can be widely applicable. (8) Nanomaterials science and technology will be the most active field at the turning of 21st century. (9) The materials design based on requirements well be gradually realized during the 21st century. Finally, prospects of different type of materials are mentioned.