李云逸.法国核科技发展中的自立自强与战略科技力量的构建[J].中国科学院院刊,2025,40(Z2):146-153.

法国核科技发展中的自立自强与战略科技力量的构建

Self-reliance in France’s nuclear development and construction of strategic scientific and technological power

李云逸
中国科学院自然科学史研究所 北京 100190
LI Yunyi
Institute for the History of Natural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

         法国原子能委员会;战略科技力量;核科技研发;核试验

        French Atomic Energy Commission;strategic scientific and technological force;nuclear development;nuclear test

        法国核科技的路线选择是由核能发电的民用技术所决定的。从1955年下半年开始，以法国原子能委员会为主导，在军方的协助下，形成了法国核科技军事应用的主导力量。法国原子能委员会由此成为兼具民用和军用研发功能的“民-军复合体”，并成为法国重要的战略科技力量。法国先后解决了核科技军事研发的主要科学技术问题，并创新性地设计出了外部中子源与效率更高的内爆系统。1960年法国的“蓝色跳鼠”试验是核国家首次核试验中当量最大的。这段历史表明法国走出了一条与美英不同的道路，实现了在核科技领域的自立自强与技术创新。

        France’s nuclear development trajectory was fundamentally shaped by its civilian nuclear power program. Starting in late 1955, the principal framework for France’s military application of nuclear science and technology was formed, led by the Atomic Energy Commission, with the assistance of the military. The Atomic Energy Commission has thus become a “civil-military complex” that combines civilian and military research and development functions and has become an important strategic scientific and technological force in France. France solved the main scientific and technological issues in the nuclear development, developed an innovative design for an external neutron source and a more efficient implosion system, and set a record for the yield of the world’s first national nuclear test in 1960. This history shows that France has taken a different path from that of the United States and the United Kingdom, achieving self-reliance and technological innovation in the field of nuclear research.