徐祖哲,司宏伟.中国计算机：从核物理到卫星测控[J].中国科学院院刊,2025,40(Z2):109-118.
中国计算机：从核物理到卫星测控
Chinese computer：From nuclear physics to satellite tracking and control
中国计算机：从核物理到卫星测控
Chinese computer：From nuclear physics to satellite tracking and control
作者
徐祖哲1
数据通信科学技术研究所 北京 100083
XU Zuzhe1
Institute of Data Communication Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
司宏伟2*
中国科学院自然科学史研究所 北京 100190
SI Hongwei2*
Institute for the History of Natural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
数据通信科学技术研究所 北京 100083
XU Zuzhe1
Institute of Data Communication Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
司宏伟2*
中国科学院自然科学史研究所 北京 100190
SI Hongwei2*
Institute for the History of Natural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
中文关键词
《十二年科技规划》;紧急措施;计算机;核物理;卫星
英文关键词
12-Year Science and Technology Plan;Urgent Measures;computer;nuclear physics;satellite
中文摘要
20世纪50年代，国务院制定了《十二年科技规划》和“紧急措施”，电子计算机也从一个科学学科变身“国之重器”。文章回顾了国家决策发展电子计算机的经过和军事科技部门的建立，计算机在从核物理到卫星测控中的作用与贡献。在这类有关国家重大科技工程中，电子计算机的研制、生产和应用得到同步发展，一支有理想、有精神、有能力的计算机队伍迅速成长起来。
英文摘要
In 1950’s, The State Council of the People’s Republic of China formulated “12-Year Science and Technology Plan” and “Urgent Measures”. The study reviews the process of national decision-making to develop electronic computers and the establishment of military technology departments, as well as the role and contribution of computers in the formulation and successful implementation from nuclear physics to satellite tracking and control project. In such major national science and technology projects, the research, production, and application of electronic computers have developed synchronously, and a computer team with ideals, spirit, and ability has rapidly grown.
DOI10.3724/j.issn.1000-3045.20240705005
