刘晓洁,辛良杰,麻吉亮,王宇先,张帆.黑土地保护性利用技术模式的区域适宜性评估与推广机制研究[J].中国科学院院刊,2025,40(11):2049-2060.

黑土地保护性利用技术模式的区域适宜性评估与推广机制研究

Research on regional suitability assessment and promotion mechanisms of conservation—Based utilization models for black soil

刘晓洁¹
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101
LIU Xiaojie¹
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
辛良杰¹
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101
XIN Liangjie¹
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
麻吉亮²
中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所 北京 100081
MA Jiliang²
Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
王宇先³
黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院 齐齐哈尔 161006
WANG Yuxian³
Qiqihar Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161006, China
张帆^1*
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101
ZHANG Fan^1*
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

         黑土地;保护性利用;技术模式;适宜性评估;推广创新

        black soil;protective utilization;technical framework;suitability assessment;innovative approaches

        黑土地是优质稀缺的耕地资源，是保障我国粮食安全的重要根基。但长期高强度的开发利用使东北黑土地出现了不同程度的退化，直接影响到国家的粮食安全与生态安全。2015年以来，我国启动并不断加强黑土地保护的强度，研发并积极示范推广“梨树模式”“龙江模式”等技术模式，保护绩效日益凸显。然而，当前黑土地保护性利用技术模式区域面临适宜性边界不清与难以规模性推广双重困境，为此，文章构建了“技术-社会-经济-生态”四维协同的技术模式区域适宜性综合评估框架，提出了由政府、科研机构、经营主体与市场攸关方协同参与的示范推广机制，研判了未来发展方向与愿景，以期为“十五五”时期国家粮食安全、生态环境保护和乡村振兴提供新思路，并为农业绿色转型与城乡协调发展提供实践经验。

        Black soil represents a high-quality and scarce arable land resource, serving as a critical foundation for ensuring food security in China. However, prolonged development and utilization have resulted in varying degrees of degradation of black soil in Northeast China, directly affecting national food security and ecological stability. Since 2015, China has initiated and progressively intensified efforts in black soil protection. Technical models such as the “Lishu Model” and the “Longjiang Model” have been developed, demonstrated, and promoted, leading to increasingly significant conservation outcomes. Nevertheless, current technical models for black soil protection face dual challenges: unclear suitability boundaries and difficulties in large-scale implementation. To address these issues, this study constructs a comprehensive evaluation framework for model suitability based on four-dimensional collaboration among technology, society, economy, and ecology. Additionally, it proposes a demonstration and promotion mechanism involving collaborative participation from government, research institutions, business entities, and market stakeholders. The study further analyzes future development directions and prospects, aiming to provide innovative strategies for national food security, ecological environment protection, and rural revitalization during the “15th Five-Year Plan” period. These findings also offer practical insights into the green transformation of agriculture and the coordinated development of urban and rural areas.