黄朝峰,张超,李金格,董梦如.我国商业航天发展面临的形势与挑战[J].中国科学院院刊,2025,40(11):1891-1901.

我国商业航天发展面临的形势与挑战

Situation and challenges in development of China’s commercial aerospace

黄朝峰^1,2,3
上海交通大学 安泰经济与管理学院 上海 200030;上海交通大学 国家战略研究院 上海 200030;上海交通大学 行业研究院 上海 200030
HUANG Chaofeng^1,2,3
Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China;National Institute of Strategic Studies, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China;Industry Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
张超^1,2,3
上海交通大学 安泰经济与管理学院 上海 200030;上海交通大学 国家战略研究院 上海 200030;上海交通大学 行业研究院 上海 200030
ZHANG Chao^1,2,3
Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China;National Institute of Strategic Studies, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China;Industry Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
李金格⁴
上海交通大学 上海高级金融学院 上海 200030
LI Jinge⁴
Shanghai Advanced Institute of Finance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
董梦如^1,2,3*
上海交通大学 安泰经济与管理学院 上海 200030;上海交通大学 国家战略研究院 上海 200030;上海交通大学 行业研究院 上海 200030
DONG Mengru^1,2,3*
Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China;National Institute of Strategic Studies, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China;Industry Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China

         商业航天;航天强国;太空经济;航天产业生态;航天战略

        commercial aerospace;aerospace power;space economy;aerospace industry ecology;aerospace strategy

        商业航天是国家航天强国战略的重要支撑和经济发展的“新增长引擎”，是赢得未来竞争格局的战略支点。当前，我国商业航天正面临着喜忧参半的紧迫形势。一方面，国际竞争态势严峻，频轨资源抢占挤压、国际规则被动受制、全球市场突围受阻；另一方面，国内发展机遇凸显，央地协同的多维支撑不断强化、产业需求驱动下的发展前景愈发广阔。文章基于对多家航天国有企业、民营企业及科研机构的实地走访调研，系统剖析我国商业航天发展面临的同质化竞争趋势、关键核心技术受制、应用场景开发不足、资本供给结构失衡、制度适配效能滞后等挑战。为推动中国商业航天高质量发展，文章提出强化顶层设计牵引、突破关键核心技术、拓展多元应用场景和构建共生共荣生态等战略思路，旨在为摆脱行业发展困境、提升中国商业航天的国际竞争力提供参考。

        Commercial aerospace is an important support for the national aerospace power strategy and a “new growth engine” for economic development, serving as a strategic pivot to win the future competitive landscape. Currently, China’s commercial aerospace industry is facing a mixed and urgent situation. On the one hand, the international competition situation is severe, with frequency track resources being seized and squeezed, international rules being passively constrained, and global market breakthroughs being hindered. On the other hand, domestic development opportunities are highlighted. The multidimensional support of central local cooperation is constantly strengthening, and the development prospects driven by industrial demand are becoming increasingly broad. Based on onsite visits and research of multiple aerospace state-owned enterprises, private enterprises, and scientific research institutions, this study systematically analyzes the challenges faced by China’s commercial aerospace development, namely, homogenization competition trend, dependence on foreign key core technologies, insufficient development of application scenarios, imbalanced capital supply structure, and lagging institutional adaptability and effectiveness. To promote the high-quality development of China’s commercial aerospace industry, strategic ideas such as strengthening top-level design guidance, breaking through key core technologies, expanding diverse application scenarios, and building a symbiotic and prosperous ecosystem, aiming to provide reference for solving industry development difficulties and enhancing the international competitiveness of China’s commercial aerospace industry.