朱新广,鲍一明,金哲侬,李鑫,汪思佳,王跃明,杨运桂,许操,熊燕,韩斌.人工智能赋能生命科学研究范式变革、应用场景及发展布局[J].中国科学院院刊,2026,41(6):1127-1138.

人工智能赋能生命科学研究范式变革、应用场景及发展布局

Artificial intelligence empowered biological research: Paradigm shifts, application scenarios, and strategic layout

朱新广¹
中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心 上海 200032
ZHU Xinguang¹
Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
鲍一明²
深圳医学科学院 深圳 518107
BAO Yiming²
Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation, Shenzhen 518107, China
金哲侬³
北京大学 城市与环境学院 北京 100871
JIN Zhenong³
College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
李鑫⁴
中国科学院动物研究所 北京 100101
LI Xin⁴
Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
汪思佳⁵
中国科学院上海营养与健康研究所 上海 200031
WANG Sijia⁵
Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
王跃明⁶
浙江大学 计算机科学与技术学院 杭州 310058
WANG Yueming⁶
College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
杨运桂⁷
国家生物信息中心 北京 100101
YANG Yungui⁷
China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
许操⁸
中国科学院遗传与发育研究所 北京 100101
XU Cao⁸
Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
熊燕⁵
中国科学院上海营养与健康研究所 上海 200031
XIONG Yan⁵
Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
韩斌^1*
中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心 上海 200032
HAN Bin^1*
Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China

         人工智能;数字细胞;可解释性模型;适于人工智能模型发展的数据

        artificial intelligence;digital cell;interpretability of models;AI-ready data

        生命科学是研究高维度、多尺度复杂生命过程的科学，并在国民健康、农业发展、生态文明及国家安全等领域中起到关键支撑作用。生命科学研究目前面临数据爆炸及“数据孤岛”的维度挑战。人工智能的飞速发展为克服生命科学面临的多维度挑战提供了全新解决方案。人工智能将推动生命科学研究从当前的经验归纳向智能涌现的认识跃迁，并促成以“高通量数据获取—模型构建—模型预测—实验验证”的持续迭代为核心的闭环式科研模式。生命科学研究正从单点描述性探索，迈向系统性、可预测、可设计的智能化新阶段。人工智能将在数字细胞构建、健康状态量化干预、精准诊疗、病原微生物预测、智能育种、脑机接口、数字免疫及数字生态等应用场景起到重大推动作用。我国亟待前瞻布局国家级人工智能友好的数据基座、基础大模型及干湿闭环智能体平台，强化跨学科协同组织保障，构建伦理安全治理体系，从而确保我国在生命科学新一轮竞争中占据有利地位。

        Life related processes are characterized by high dimensionality and multi-scale properties. Understanding mechanisms underpinning life processes helps promote national healthcare, agricultural development, sustainable ecological civilization, and national security. Current life science research is confronted with an enormous challenge of dimensionality stemming from data explosion and data fragmentation, for which the recent rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) provides novel solutions. AI will catalyze a paradigm shift in life science research from the current experiment based empirical induction to a new closed-loop knowledge acquisition including large scale data collection, model building, model prediction, experimental validation, and iterative of these procedures. Life science research is moving beyond fragmented descriptive exploration toward a systematic, predictable, and design-driven era. The major biological research fields that AI can provide immediate push include digital cell, health management, diagnosis and treatment, pathogen detection, crop breeding, brain-computer interfaces, ecological management, etc. To secure a competitive edge in global life science research, government now needs to develop national-level AI-friendly data warehouse and computing infrastructure, life science foundational models, as well as agent-based research platforms for both wet-lab and model-based studies. In addition, the interdisciplinary collaboration, and strong bioethics and safety governance system need to be strengthened.