白春礼.序一[J].中国科学院院刊,2013,(z1):1-3.

序一

Preface I
作者
白春礼
Bai Chunli
中文摘要
        20世纪60年代,遥感作为一门新兴的科学技术在国际上兴起,并得到世界科技界以至各国政府的高度重视,迅速成为国际科学技术发展的热门领域。随着1972年美国陆地卫星发射升空,遥感技术真正得到广泛的应用。目前已形成了由卫星、飞机、气球等各类平台组成的综合对地观测网络,持续不断地获取地球的各种观测数据,加深了人类对赖以生存的地球及其资源和环境的了解,拓展了人类对自然的认识。
英文摘要
        Since making its debut as an emerging S&T field in the 1960s, remote sensing has arrested close attention from the international S&T community and governments across the world, and rapidly become a popular research realm. Its knowledge found wide application after 1972 when the United States launched its Earth observation satellite Landsat. At present, a comprehensive Earth observation network consisting of a variety of platforms, ranging from satellites to airplanes to balloons, continuously obtains different Earth observation data, deepening people’s understanding of our planet and its environment and resources, and broadening our perception of nature.
        20世纪60年代,遥感作为一门新兴的科学技术在国际上兴起,并得到世界科技界以至各国政府的高度重视,迅速成为国际科学技术发展的热门领域。随着1972年美国陆地卫星发射升空,遥感技术真正得到广泛的应用。目前已形成了由卫星、飞机、气球等各类平台组成的综合对地观测网络,持续不断地获取地球的各种观测数据,加深了人类对赖以生存的地球及其资源和环境的了解,拓展了人类对自然的认识。
        我国遥感技术的发展是伴随着改革开放的步伐开始的。20世纪70年代末期,为适应国家经济社会发展的需要,遥感技术在我国开始发展,并在国家科技发展规划中得到了充分的体现。经过30多年的建设,我国已逐步形成了气象卫星、海洋卫星、资源卫星、环境与减灾卫星等遥感卫星系列,建立了快速、灵活、机动性强的航空遥感系统。遥感数据已广泛应用于国家土地资源调查、农作物和森林监测、地质矿产调查、城市发展监测、海洋和海岸带资源调查以及洪涝、干旱、林火、地震等灾害的监测和评估,成为中国经济社会发展不可或缺的信息支撑。
        当今世界科技发展正处于新一轮革命的前夜,而科技革命的驱动方式之一就是社会需求驱动。随着全球变化对人类生存的影响日益突出, 国际上相继发起了对地观测系统(EOS)计划,全球环境与安全监测系统(GMES)计划,重点观测、理解并模拟地球系统,了解地球的变化及其对生命系统的影响。2005年在布鲁塞尔召开的第三届地球观测峰会制定了《GEOSS10年执行计划》,旨在通过建立一个综合、协调和持续的全球综合地球观测系统,在灾害、健康、能源、气候、天气、水、生态系统、农业和生物多样性9个领域开展应用和决策信息服务。该组织目前已吸引了90个国家和68个国际组织参加。近年来,国科联面向未来发展与挑战已形成“未来地球”计划等国际计划。新一代数字地球理论、技术与应用正孕育着新的突破,大数据时代的到来正为学科发展带来新的契机,世界主要国家纷纷部署推动数字地球与地球信息科学的交叉与结合。
        遥感技术的发展历程验证了社会需求驱动的巨大作用。我国经济社会的快速发展,拓展了对国外资源需求的依存度和战略利益空间,迫切需要加快发展对国际战略环境进行空间监测和分析评估前沿技术。此外,地球系统科学的发展和全球变化研究也迫切需要空间信息技术提供强有力的支撑。上述需求必将为促进遥感和数字地球的发展提供强大的驱动力。
        党的“十八大”明确提出“实施创新驱动发展战略”,强调科技创新是提高社会生产力和综合国力的战略支撑,必须摆在国家发展全局的核心位置。要实施创新驱动发展战略,加快创新型国家建设,必须科学判断世界科技发展趋势,准确把握经济社会发展需求,不断深化科技体制改革。中国科学院将围绕“创新2020”跨越发展体系的总体部署,坚持“创新科技、服务国家、造福人民”的发展宗旨,努力实现“出成果、出人才、出思想”的战略使命,为促进创新驱动发展战略的实施、建设创新型国家、全面建成小康社会做出新的更大的贡献。
        Since making its debut as an emerging S&T field in the 1960s, remote sensing has arrested close attention from the international S&T community and governments across the world, and rapidly become a popular research realm. Its knowledge found wide application after 1972 when the United States launched its Earth observation satellite Landsat. At present, a comprehensive Earth observation network consisting of a variety of platforms, ranging from satellites to airplanes to balloons, continuously obtains different Earth observation data, deepening people’s understanding of our planet and its environment and resources, and broadening our perception of nature.
        The enterprise of remote sensing started to grow in China with the initiation of reform and opening up. To meet the needs of national socioeconomic development, in the late 1970s, remote sensing arose in this country with adequate support from the national program for S&T progress. Thanks to developments over the past three decades, China has succeeded in launching a series of remote sensing satellites to monitor weather, ocean, natural resources, and disasters. In addition, an airborne remote sensing system featuring high speed, flexibility, and mobility has taken shape. Now remote sensing has become a useful tool in a wide scope of activities, ranging from land resource survey, monitoring of crops and forests, investigation of geological settings and mineral deposits,marine resources, and coastlines, to detection and assessment of the aftermath caused by flooding, draughts, forest fires, and earthquakes. It has become an indispensable information pillar for the country’s socioeconomic development.
        At present, global science and technology are at the dawn of a new revolution. One of its driving forces is social demand. As global change exerts a great and increasing influence on human subsistence, the international community has launched initiatives such as the Earth Observing System (EOS) and Global Monitoring for Environment and Security(GMES), focusing on observation,understanding and simulation of the Earth system, and making clear its change and impact on the biosphere. At the 3rd Earth Observation Summit in Brussels in 2005, the 10-Year Implementation Plan of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) was formulated, with an objective of providing information services for application and decision-making in nine areas,namely, disasters, health, energy, climate, water, weather, ecosystems, agriculture, and biodiversity, by putting in place a coordinated, comprehensive, and sustained Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS). So far, it has been joined by 90 countries and 68 international organizations. In recent years, the International Council for Science (ICSU) has inaugurated such initiatives as Future Earth to deal with challenges for future development. New research breakthroughs are in the making in next-generation Digital Earth theories, technologies, and related applications. At the same time, big data technology is expected to bring about novel opportunities for academic development. Leading countries are making efforts to promote interdisciplinary integration between Digital Earth and geo-information science.
        The development course of remote sensing shows that social demand constitutes a huge driving force. It is imperative for us to accelerate the development of frontier technologies for the spaceborne monitoring, analysis, and evaluation of geopolitical ecologies.Powerful support from spatial information technology is needed for the development of Earth system science and global change studies. These demands will be a mighty powerhouse for the advancement of remote sensing science and Digital Earth.
         At the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the strategy of innovation-driven development was put forward, stressing that S&T innovation provides strategic support for raising productive forces and boosting the overall national strength, and therefore must be given top priority in overall national progress. To implement the strategy and speed up the construction of an innovative country, we must make scientific judgment of S&T development trends in today’s world, keep abreast of socioeconomic demands, and continuously deepen S&T reform. In line with the overall planning of leapfrog development and“Innovation 2020”, the Chinese Academy of Sciences will stick to its mission of S&T innovation for the country and the people; work hard to produce outstanding research results, talents, and thoughts; facilitate the implementation of the strategy of innovation-driven development; contribute to the development of an innovative country and the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.
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