合理使用化肥 充分利用有机肥 发展环境友好的施肥体系

Fertilizer Management Strategies for the Harmonization of Agriculture Development with Environment Protection

        朱兆良(南京土壤研究所 南京210008)

         肥料管理;农业发展;环境保护

        agriculturedevelopment;environmentprotection;nutrientmanagement

        论述了化肥在我国农业发展中不可替代的重要作用,定量估计了氮肥对地表水、地下水和大气环境的负面影响;对有机肥料的资源量及其农业利用情况进行了估算,强调指出,未被农业利用的有机肥料,特别是人畜粪尿大量直接排入地表水的氮磷量远多于农田中的化肥通过径流进入地表水的氮磷量,成为当前地表水中氮磷的主要来源。在此基础上,提出了对策建议。

        In thepresentpaperthesubstantialcontributionof chemicalfertilizersto thedevelopmentof agricultureinChinais demonstrated by thehighcorrelationcoefficientbetweenthefood productionversusthetotalconsumptionof chemicalfertilizersin the50year periodof1949—1998,meanwhilethenegativeimpactsof chemicalfertilizerN lossesfromfarmlandson surfaceandgroundwatersas wellas atmospherearequantitativelyindicatedandevaluated.On theotherhand,thetotalamountof nutrientresourcesintheformof organicmanuresare estimate,and it is emphasizedthattheunusedproportion,whichincreasesalongwiththedevelopmentof agricultureandanimalhusbandry,is beinglargelyreleaseddirectlyandindirectlyintosurfacewater.Theamountof whichis much higherthanthatof therunofflossesof chemicalfertilizerN andP is becomingthedominantsourceof N andP in thesurfacewater.Accordingly,thestrategiesfortheimprovementof theefficiencyof chemicalfertilizersandtheencouragementin theuseof organic manureinagriculturearesuggested.