虚拟水——中国水资源安全战略的新思路

Virtual Water-A Strategic Instrument to Achieve Water Security

        程国栋(中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冻土工程国家重点实验室 兰州730000)

         虚拟水;虚拟水战略;水资源安全;水资源管理;西北干旱区

        virtual water;virtual water strategy;water security;water management;northwest arid zones of China

        虚拟水是指生产商品和服务所需要的水资源数量,虚拟水战略是指贫水国家或地区通过贸易的方式从富水国家或地区购买水密集型农产品(粮食)来获得本地区水和粮食的安全。文章引入虚拟水的概念,将水资源管理分为供给管理、需求管理、内部结构性管理和社会化管理四个层次,从理论角度分析了水资源社会化管理与水资源恢复重建的关系;以我国西北干旱地区为例,初步计算了2000年西北各省(区)虚拟水消费量,表明虚拟水是不可忽视的水资源形式;探讨了虚拟水战略的政策含义,提出了实施虚拟水战略对策建议。

        Virtual water is the water used in the production process of goods and services, and virtual water strategy means countries or regions whose water is scarce achieve their water security and food security by importing water-intensive products from those whose water is abundant. As an attractive instrument to water scarce countries, virtual water has received more and more attention and been applied to relieve the pressure on the nation’s own water resource and solve food scarcity. The paper first introduced the concept of virtual water, and classified the water management into supply management, demand management, inter-structure management and socialization management, and the relationship of water management and natural resource reconstruction was analyzed in theory. The consumptions of virtual water in the very four provinces in northwest China has been calculated and analyzed as a pilot case study, which showed that virtual water should be an important component of water resource. The last section discussed the implication of virtual water strategy for the northwest arid zones in China, and several suggestions have been put forward as the end of the paper.