西南江河梯级水电开发对河流水环境的影响及对策

Impacts and Counterplan of Cascade Hydropower Development to the River Ecosystem in Southwestern China

        程根伟(成都山地灾害与环境研究所 成都 610041)
        麻泽龙(成都山地灾害与环境研究所 成都 610041)
        范继辉(成都山地灾害与环境研究所 成都 610041)

         西南河流;水电开发;环境影响

        River development;hydropower utility;environment impacts

        进入新世纪,中国开始了一轮前所未有的河流水电开发热潮。以岷江为例,其上游干流已建成和在建的电站就有6座,支流水库不下10座。由于岷江水电的利用方式主要是引水式的梯级开发,水库容量小,调节能力弱,对河流的改造作用大,已经使得岷江上游多处河段河床干涸,河流的自然生境和景观发生了很大变化。解决这些问题的关键在于加强执行流域总体规划,对电站的设计和运行规则进行重新审订,保证河流的最低流量,挽救濒于险境的水体生态系统。

        At the beginning of the 21th century, the river development for hydropower launches in big scale in China. As an example, the upper Minjiang River is inspected. More than 6 power plants have been constructed along the main reach of the river. This kind of river reformation makes several reaches of the river the dry channels. The natural environment and scene viewing happens great change. The water environment gets worse and the fishes live in a dangerous status. To solve these problems, the general watershed planning must be made out immediately and be put into implement strictly. It is necessary to revise the design plan and operating rule of these hydropower plants (reservoirs). Keep river with a necessary stream flow. Save the river’s ecological system and fish species from extinction.