战略必争领域的“非对称”赶超：新中国成立初期尖端科技的历史之争及其启示

Asymmetric catch-up in strategic battlefields: Historical controversy on cutting-edge science and technology during early years of the People’s Republic of China and its enlightenment

        焦郑珊*(中国科学院自然科学史研究所 北京 100190)
        孙烈(中国科学院自然科学史研究所 北京 100190)

         新中国成立初期;尖端科技;科技自立自强;决策

        early years of People’s Republic of China;cutting-edge science and technology;self-reliance in science and technology;strategy

        随着科学技术的发展和世界格局的不断演变，国际科技竞争日益激烈并且对综合国力产生日益重要的影响。因此，科技自立自强，尤其是在战略必争领域的科技自立自强，其战略意义和重要价值不断被强调。文章通过回顾新中国成立初期，我国在面对复杂多变的国际形势和严峻的国内生产生活压力的背景下，在关乎国家命运的尖端科技领域探索的历史及围绕其所产生的诸多不同观点，揭示了在战略必争领域实施“非对称”赶超策略对于我国独立自主的重要性，为公众理解我国科技战略与科技决策提供启示。

        Along with the development of science and technology and the transformation of the world pattern, the international scientific and technological competition is becoming increasingly competitive, which has an increasingly important impact on the comprehensive national strength. Consequently, the value of the country’s self-reliance in science and technology is emphasized. The history is reviewed of the cutting-edge science and technology that is crucial to national destiny during the early years of the People’s Republic of China, when facing complex international situations and severe domestic production and living pressures, and the historical controversy on the project. Based on such review, this study emphasizes the positive correlation between country’s selfreliance in strategic battlefields of science and technology and national independence, which enlightens the public to deepen their understanding on China’s scientific and technological strategy.