举国体制攻坚重大科研任务——中国原子能事业的确立与突破（1955—1967年）

Tackling crucial scientific and technical research tasks guaranteed by national system: Establishment and breakthrough of China’s atomic energy industry（1955-1967）

        陈悦(中国科学院自然科学史研究所 北京 100190)

         原子能事业;“举国体制”;原子核科学委员会;“任务带学科”;建制化

        atomic energy industry;national system;Atomic Science Committee;discipline development driven by tasks;institutionalization

        从决议重点发展原子能事业到原子弹、氢弹的成功爆炸，中国在此项尖端科技上取得了高效且突出的成就。文章关注新中国成立后中国原子能科研和生产建设队伍的组建和调整，及形成自主体系的过程，尝试梳理原子能事业建制化的历史脉络，探析国家高层和最高科研机构提出的学科规划、国防任务对原子能事业发展的重要影响，并分析以原子能为代表的中国科研事业发展中“举国体制”、学科与产业系统攻关的重要特点。

        From the resolution of focus atomic energy industry to the successful explosion of the first atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb, China had made efficient and outstanding achievements in this cutting-edge technology. This study focuses on the formation and adjustment of the scientific research and production team in the early years after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the process of forming an independent research and development system, tries to comb out the historical line of institutionalization of atomic energy industry, explores the important influence of the country’s leadership and the highest scientific research institutions to the discipline planning and of the national defense missions to the development of atomic energy industry, analyzes the key characteristics, such as national system in the cause of science and technology in China, and interdisciplinary and industrial systematic problem-solving represented by the atomic energy industry.