中国计算机：从核物理到卫星测控

Chinese computer：From nuclear physics to satellite tracking and control

        徐祖哲¹(数据通信科学技术研究所 北京 100083)
        司宏伟^2*(中国科学院自然科学史研究所 北京 100190)

         《十二年科技规划》;紧急措施;计算机;核物理;卫星

        12-Year Science and Technology Plan;Urgent Measures;computer;nuclear physics;satellite

        20世纪50年代，国务院制定了《十二年科技规划》和“紧急措施”，电子计算机也从一个科学学科变身“国之重器”。文章回顾了国家决策发展电子计算机的经过和军事科技部门的建立，计算机在从核物理到卫星测控中的作用与贡献。在这类有关国家重大科技工程中，电子计算机的研制、生产和应用得到同步发展，一支有理想、有精神、有能力的计算机队伍迅速成长起来。

        In 1950’s, The State Council of the People’s Republic of China formulated “12-Year Science and Technology Plan” and “Urgent Measures”. The study reviews the process of national decision-making to develop electronic computers and the establishment of military technology departments, as well as the role and contribution of computers in the formulation and successful implementation from nuclear physics to satellite tracking and control project. In such major national science and technology projects, the research, production, and application of electronic computers have developed synchronously, and a computer team with ideals, spirit, and ability has rapidly grown.