日本人工智能人才引进的战略举措研究与启示

Study on strategies and measures and insights for introducing artificial intelligence talents in Japan

        胡芳欣^1*(中国社会科学院信息情报研究院 北京 100732)
        马茹²(中国社会科学评价研究院 北京 100732)
        苏于君³(中国社会科学院当代中国研究所 北京 100009)

         日本;人工智能人才;海外引进;战略谋划;实际举措

        Japan;artificial intelligence talents;overseas introduction;strategic planning;practical measures

        为应对人口老龄化及科技发展创新需求，日本将人工智能（AI）视为解决日本社会问题的关键技术。除加快本国AI人才培养外，日本也在大力引进海外AI人才。文章梳理分析日本AI人才引进的长期、年度及AI专项领域的战略谋划，包括《科学技术基本计划》《综合创新战略》《人工智能技术战略》和“AI战略”等，探析日本更新国家居留管理制度、完善AI人才在日的工作和生活环境、支持在日留学生就业创业、产学研一体推进国际AI合作等具体实施举措。这些战略谋划和实施举措极大缓解了日本高科技产业劳动力的短缺，带动了科技创新与产业升级，提升了日本AI市场的规模与效率，并推动日本以更高水平融入国际AI大潮。文章也对日本引进海外AI人才实践的局限性进行了探讨，包括受到考核制度、科研吸引力、薪酬水平、文化适配等方面的限制。文章期望为助力我国引进海外AI人才进而奠定AI发展的重要基础提供参考。

        In response to the aging population and the need for innovation in science and technology development, Japan regards AI as a key technology to solve social problems. In addition to accelerating the training of domestic AI talents, Japan is also vigorously introducing overseas AI talents. This study sorts out and analyzes Japan's long-term, annual, and AI-specific strategic planning for the introduction of AI talents, including Basic Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation, Comprehensive Innovation Strategy, Strategic Plan for Artificial Intelligence Technology, and AI Strategy, and explores Japan's specific implementation measures such as updating the national residence management system, improving the working and living environment of AI talents in Japan, supporting the employment and entrepreneurship of international students in Japan, and promoting international AI cooperation through industry, academia, and research. These strategic planning and implementation measures have greatly alleviated the shortage of labor in Japan's high-tech industry, driven technological innovation and industrial upgrading, increased the scale and efficiency of Japan's AI market, and promoted Japan's integration into the international AI trend at a higher level. This study also discusses the limitations of Japan's practice of introducing overseas AI talents, including restrictions on assessment systems, scientific research attraction, salary levels, and cultural adaptation. The study hopes to provide insights to help China introduce overseas AI talents and lay an important foundation for the development of AI.