面向国家水网构建，提升南水北调工程水安全保障能力

Promoting water security of South-to-North Water Diversion Project for National Water Network

        张全发^1,2*(中国科学院武汉植物园 武汉 430074;丹江口水库湿地生态系统湖北省野外科学观测研究站 武汉 430074)
        刘贵华^1,2(中国科学院武汉植物园 武汉 430074;丹江口水库湿地生态系统湖北省野外科学观测研究站 武汉 430074)
        占车生³(中国科学院大气物理研究所 北京 100029)
        任小波⁴(中国科学院 可持续发展科技研究局 北京 100864)

         南水北调工程;高质量发展;水安全;生态安全;工程地质

        South-to-North Water Diversion Project;high quality development;water security;ecological security;engineering geology

        南水北调工程是国家水网构建的主骨架和大动脉，是实现我国水资源优化配置、促进经济社会可持续发展的重大战略性基础设施。目前，工程面临生态环境保护的迫切需求，包括东、中线水质不能稳定达标，中、西线水资源供给不确定性，受水区水环境演变和重构趋势不明，西线工程气象地质灾害风险不清，工程高质量发展智慧化内生需求等，亟待突破工程水资源、水环境和水生态的水安全基础理论及技术瓶颈，构建水源地—输水干渠—受水区一体化水安全保障体系，为南水北调工程高质量发展提供系统解决方案的同时，筑牢国家水网之纲，服务加快推进国家水网建设。

        The South-to-North Water Diversion Project is a crucial infrastructure initiative aiming at optimizing nation-wide distribution of water resources, meanwhile fostering sustainable economic and social development, and ensuring the well-being of the people. The project, with its extensive scope and high technical complexity, particularly in the middle and west routes located in biodiversity hotspots such as the Qinling Mountains and the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, may alter local microclimates, potentially triggering meteorological disasters such as droughts, thunderstorms, and hail, along with secondary hazards. The implementation of the project may also disrupt the local hydrological conditions, disturb the balance of the existing atmospheric-vegetation-soil system, and significantly impact biodiversity as well as the structure, function, and processes of ecosystems. Additionally, effective control of pollution in the water source areas and conveyance channels is crucial for the project's success. Therefore, it is recommended to undertake technological innovations in ecological environmental evolution and mitigation of adverse effects, regional climate change and water resource allocation in water source areas, protection and pollution control of water ecological environments in water source areas, geological hazard risk assessment and prevention in project areas, research and development, and integration of technologies for ensuring water quality in conveyance channels, optimization and regulation of water ecological environments in receiving areas. These innovations aim to:(1) overcome technological bottlenecks in water resources, water environments, and water ecology;(2) establish an integrated water security system for water source areas, conveyance channels, and receiving areas; and(3) provide systematic solutions on the water safety for the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. Ultimately, such efforts will build a strong backbone for the national water network and promote the construction of the national water network with high quality.