世界生物圈保护区对我国国家公园建设与管理的启示

Enlightenment of Biosphere Reserve to Establishment and Management of National Park in China
作者
        杜金鸿 刘宁 先义杰 王丁 王伟
中文关键词
         生物圈保护区,国家公园,基于知识管理,社区参与,治理模式,治理方法,可持续发展
英文关键词
        biosphere reserve, national park, knowledge based management, community participation, governance model, governance method, sustainable development
中文摘要
        2021年,我国正式建立了第一批国家公园,标志着我国国家公园建设进入快速发展阶段。然而,我国国家公园基本上在已有自然保护地的基础上建立,仍存在治理模式单一、社区参与度较低、保护与发展矛盾较为突出等问题。“人与生物圈”计划是联合国教科文组织实施生物多样性和文化多样性保护的第一个旗舰项目,世界生物圈保护区是该计划的重要实施平台,在生物多样性保护、社区可持续发展、管理治理模式探索、定期评估等方面积累了大量有益经验。文章系统总结了世界生物圈保护区的理论和实践,并结合我国国家公园实际情况提出加强传统文化融合运用、提高社区参与、探索多元治理、推进可持续发展、规范综合评估等方面的对策建议,以期为我国国家公园建设、管理提供参考与借鉴。
英文摘要
        China has officially established the first batch of national parks in 2021 and such construction is entering a high-speed stage. National parks of the country basically originate from existed protected areas, and face series of long-standing problems and challenges, such as over simplified administration, low community participation, and prominent contradictions between ecological conservation and social development. The Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme is the first flagship project of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) for biodiversity and cultural diversity conservation, biosphere reserve is its implementation platform, which has accumulated a lot of useful experience in biodiversity conservation, sustainable development, management and governance models, and regular evaluation. This study summarizes the theories and practice of biosphere reserves related to the construction of national parks. Several suggestions are concluded for the establishment and management of national park, including strengthening the excavation, integration and utilization of cultural diversity, promoting the participation of communities, innovating governance models, establishing a mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products and brand appreciation, and formulating a comprehensive evaluation system.
作者简介
杜金鸿
中国环境科学研究院生态研究所工程师。主要从事自然保护地生态环境监管和生物多样性保护方面的工作。曾组织参与生态环境部牵头的各类自然保护地评估工作,主笔制订了《自然保护区生态环境保护成效评估标准(试行)》(HJ 1203—2021)。
E-mail: dujh@craes.org.cn
DU Jinhong
Engineer, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences. She is engaged in the ecology and environment supervision of protected areas and the protection of biodiversity. She has organized and participated in various assessment of natural reserves led by Ministry of Ecology and Environment, and lead to formulate Standard for Conservation Effectiveness Assessment of Ecology and Environment in Nature Reserve (on trial) (HJ 1203-2021).
E-mail: dujh@craes.org.cn

王 伟
中国环境科学研究院生态研究所自然保护地研究室主任,研究员。中国人与生物圈国家委员会专家咨询委员会委员,IUCN世界自然保护地委员会(IUCN-WCPA)委员。主要研究领域为自然保护地生物多样性保护与可持续发展,针对自然保护地独特的自然与人类社会耦合系统,研究自然保护地生态保护与区域发展之间的相互作用。主持国家重点研发计划课题、国家自然科学基金等各类科研项目20余项。共发表论著100余篇。
E-mail: wang.wei@craes.org.cn
WANG Wei
Professor, Director of Protected Areas Research Group, Institute of Ecology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences; Member of the Advisory Council of the Chinese National Committee for UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB China); Commission Member of the IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas (IUCN-WCPA). He is engaged in the scientific research of biodiversity conservation and sustainable development of protected areas, which includes the relationship between ecological conservation and regional sustainable development, especially to the unique nature and human society coupled systems of protected areas. He has been responsible for more than 20 research projects, the sponsorship includes the National Key Research and Development Program of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and so on. He has published more than 100 research articles or books. E-mail: wang.wei@craes.org.cn
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