全球主要经济体企业科技创新版图分析及启示——中国企业加强基础研究是建设创新型国家的必然选择

Building an Innovative Nation in China Calls for Strengthening of Basic Research in China's Enterprises:Findings from Innovation Mapping of Enterprises in Major Global Economies
作者
        李敏1,3(中国科学院生物物理研究所 北京 100101;中国科学院大学 公共政策与管理学院 北京 100049)
        张先恩1,2*(中国科学院生物物理研究所 北京 100101;深圳理工大学 合成生物学院 深圳 518055)
        刘云3(中国科学院大学 公共政策与管理学院 北京 100049)
中文关键词
         企业;经济体;创新版图;基础研究
英文关键词
        enterprise;global economies;innovation landscape;basic research
中文摘要
        企业创新能力是科技强国的重要体现,而基础研究是科技创新的源泉。基础研究的执行主体无疑是高校和国家科研机构,而企业在基础研究活动中扮演什么角色?一直以来存在不同观点。文章立足宏观,首先对基础研究的内涵进行探讨,明确企业基础研究的应用导向属性;然后从基础研究投入、科研论文、《专利合作条约》(PCT)专利、国家竞争力指标等多个维度分析全球主要经济体企业的表现,由此构建全球主要经济体企业创新版图。通过分析比较,文章发现:(1)发达经济体的企业重视基础研究,形成大量持续创新型的百年老店;(2)改革开放以来的40多年,中国企业创新能力整体上取得巨大进步,但基础研究是短板,这是历史发展阶段所决定的。由此,文章认为,当前中国已经进入高质量发展阶段,中国企业通过合适的方式围绕行业发展未来实质性地加强基础研究,既是企业增强自身竞争力的需求,也是建设创新型国家不可或缺的。文章最后讨论了中国企业开展基础研究的若干方式。
英文摘要
        It is known that the innovation capacity of enterprises is an important indication for an innovation economy and basic research is the source of science and technology innovation. Basic research is of course mainly carried out by universities and public research institutions, so what role should China's enterprises play in basic research has been a long-running debate. Here in this article, we first discussed the connotation of basic research and clarified the importance of applied basic research to enterprises. We then compared the innovation performance of enterprises in world's major economies in terms of their R&D investment, scientific output including publications and PCT patent applications, and competitiveness indicators. Furthermore, a visual landscape of innovation performance was formulated, which clearly shows the advantages and disadvantages of enterprises in various economies. The successful cases of some well-known enterprises prove that basic research is essential for leading enterprises to maintain competitiveness. In the past 40 years, China's enterprises as a whole have made great progress, but their basic research has been weak. This phenomenon may be attributed to the historical context of our development. In the current stage of high-quality development, we propose that substantially strengthening the basic research is of crucial importance for China's enterprises, especially industry-leading enterprises and innovative enterprises, to improve their global competitiveness and build a strong national innovation economy. In addition, the measures to strengthen the basic research for Chinese enterprises are discussed.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.20220411003
微信关注公众号