珊瑚礁:减缓气候变化的潜在蓝色碳汇

Coral Reefs: Potential Blue Carbon Sinks for Climate Change Mitigation
作者
        石拓 郑新庆 张涵 王啟芳 钟昕
中文关键词
         珊瑚礁,碳中和,负排放,恢复力,生态修复
英文关键词
        coral reefs, carbon neutrality, negative emissions, resilience, ecological restoration
中文摘要
        珊瑚礁是生产力水平最高,同时也是最脆弱的海洋生态系统之一。由气候变化及人类活动导致的珊 瑚礁全球衰退,已经影响到珊瑚礁的钙化和碳循环过程,也加大了长期悬而未决的珊瑚礁二氧化碳(CO2) “源-汇”争议。尽管珊瑚礁的钙化过程伴随 CO2 释放,但考虑到珊瑚礁生态系统内部复杂的生物地球化学过 程,以及造礁珊瑚特殊的混合营养特性,其作为碳汇功能的属性也不容忽视。文章从提高珊瑚礁对气候变化 的弹性适应角度出发,尝试厘清有关珊瑚礁生态系统的 CO2“源-汇”争议,探索将珊瑚礁由碳源向碳汇转变 的生态调控方式和途径,以期为实施海洋负排放、践行国家碳中和战略提供理论和技术支撑。
英文摘要
        Coral reefs are one of the most productive, and yet most vulnerable marine ecosystems. The global decline of coral reefs induced by climate change and human activities has already affected the processes of coral calcification and carbon cycling in the reef ecosystem, intensifying the long-standing CO2 “source-sink” debate over coral reefs. Despite the fact that coral calcification is accompanied by the release of CO2 to the atmosphere, the significance of coral reefs as a carbon sink cannot be ignored, given the complex biogeochemical processes in the reef ecosystem and the characteristic mixotrophic lifestyle of the reef-building corals. From the perspective of increasing coral resilience to climate change, this study attempts to clarify the controversy over the coral reef CO2 “source-sink” debate, explore the possible ecological regulations and pathways to transform coral reefs from a carbon source to a carbon sink, and provide theoretical framework and technical support for the deployment of ocean negative carbon emissions and the implementation of the national carbon neutrality strategy.
作者简介
石 拓
山东大学海洋研究院教授。长期致力于微生物介导的海洋生物地球化学循环及其对全球变化的响应的研究。近5年来,主持科学技术部“全球变化及应对”国家重点研发计划,以及由国家自然科学基金等资助的10多项与海洋碳氮循环相关、聚焦珊瑚礁全球变化生物学的重大课题,参与多项国家科技政策的起草、制定与评估工作。
E-mail: tuoshi@sdu.edu.cn
SHI Tuo
Professor at the Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, with a Ph.D. in Biological Oceanography. Prof. Shi has long been devoted to the study of microbially-mediated marine biogeochemical cycles and their responses to global change. In the past 5 years, he has been a Principal Investigator in a dozen projects focusing on coral reefs global change biology, with a special reference to the marine carbon and nitrogen cycling, sponsored by the National Key Research and Development Program of China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and so on. He has also been involved in the drafting, formulation and evaluation of a number of national policies on science and technology.
E-mail: tuoshi@sdu.edu.cn

郑新庆
自然资源部第三海洋研究所研究员。福建省“雏鹰计划”青年拔尖人才。从事珊瑚礁全球变化生物学,以及恢复生态学研究。先后承担了国家自然科学基金、国家重点研发计划、中国-东盟海上合作基金等课题20余项,主要成果包括:建立了国内首个室内大规模珊瑚活体培养的珊瑚保育馆;揭示了造礁珊瑚响应气候变化的生理和分子调控机制;发现了近岸典型生态系统适应水体富营养化的弹性适应机制。
E-mail: zhengxinqing@tio.org.cn
ZHENG Xinqing
Ph.D., Professor of the Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China. Prof. Zheng is Youth Top-notch Talent of Fujian Province. His research mainly focuses on global change biology and restoration ecology of coral reefs. In recent years, he has undertaken more than 20 major projects, including National Natural Science Foundation of China, The National Key Research and Development Program of China, and China-Asian Maritime Cooperation Fund. He established the first indoor hatchery for large-scale live coral breeding in China. His work has revealed the physiological and molecular mechanisms of scleractinian corals in response to changing climate, as well as the resilience mechanisms of coastal food web to the eutrophication in a typical marine ecosystem.
E-mail: zhengxinqing@tio.org.cn
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