地球空间环境的野外科学观测研究

Field Research for Geospace Environment

        宁百齐(中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 北京空间环境国家野外科学观测研究站 北京 100029)
        李国主(中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 北京空间环境国家野外科学观测研究站 北京 100029)
        胡连欢(中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 北京空间环境国家野外科学观测研究站 北京 100029)
        赵秀宽(中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 北京空间环境国家野外科学观测研究站 北京 100029)

         地球空间环境;探测模式;电离层;导航;通讯

        geospace environment;detection mode;ionosphere;navigation;communication

        地球空间包括地球中高层大气、电离层和磁层，其环境变化深刻影响着人类生活，如空间灾害性事件的发生，可能危害地面电网安全，造成星地无线电通讯中断。在科技部、国家自然科学基金委和中国科学院等部门支持下，北京空间环境国家野外科学观测研究站通过研制和发展一批具有国际先进水平的观测仪器，建立了电离层、中高层大气和地磁等多学科综合观测台链，并开发成功新的探测模式和诊断技术，实现对我国上空多种空间环境参量的科学观测，揭示其区域特征和空间精细结构与变化，推动数据服务于原创科学研究和空间天气预报保障任务。基于观测数据，通过发展理论模式，采用数据分析与数值模拟相结合等研究方法，系统研究了大气层-电离层耦合、磁层-电离层耦合和太阳辐射的光电离光化学3类最为重要的驱动过程对电离层变化性的影响和控制作用。

        The geospace includes upper atmosphere, ionosphere, and magnetosphere. Geospace environmental changes have profoundly affected human life, which may cause space disasters, endanger ground grid safety, and interrupt satellite radio communication. With the support of the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing National Observatory for Space Environment has established a series of advanced international level instruments to monitor ionosphere, middle and upper atmosphere, and geomagnetic field. New detection modes and diagnostic techniques have been developed to achieve scientific observation of various geospace environment parameters over China. The observation data have been used to reveal geospace regional characteristics and spatial fine structure and changes. The data have also been used to support scientific research and space weather forecast. Based on the observation data, using analysis, modeling, and numerical methods, three most important driving factors on the variability of ionosphere have been systematically studied, which are atmosphere-ionosphere coupling, magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling, and photoionization and photochemical by solar radiation.